Canada's immigration law governs various applications for individuals seeking temporary or permanent residency. These applications fall into several categories:

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Permanent Residency Applications: Individuals can apply for permanent residency through programs like Express Entry, Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), Family Sponsorship, and Humanitarian and Compassionate Applications. Each program has specific eligibility criteria based on work experience, education, family ties, or humanitarian considerations. 

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Temporary Resident Applications: Temporary visas allow individuals to visit, work, or study in Canada. These include Visitor Visas, Work Permits, Study Permits, and Temporary Resident Permits (TRP) for those who need special authorization to enter Canada despite inadmissibility.

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Refugee and Asylum Applications: Canada provides protection to individuals fleeing persecution of violence. Refugees can apply through Government-Assisted Refugee (GAR) programs, Privately Sponsored Refugee (PSR) programs, or make an asylum claim upon arrival in Canada

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Citizenship Applications Permanent: residents can apply for Canadian citizenship after meeting residency, language, and tax requirements. The process includes a citizenship test and an Oath of Citizenship ceremony.

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Appeals and Judicial Review Applications: Individuals who receive negative immigration decisions can challenge them through appeals to the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) or request a judicial review by the Federal Court of Canada.